The mouth is the window into human health. You may also pursue a masters degree after obtaining an undergraduate degree, but it is uncommon. Herzing University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission - www.hlcommission.org, Update your Zip code, preferred campus, and preferred program, Hi, how can I assist you?Questions?Chat Now, By selecting this button you agree to receive updates and alerts from Herzing University. Then you should consider pursuing a dental hygiene career. The average annual salary was $81,360. Finally, many dental hygienists choose additional training. Need to verify a license? Permitted functions and supervision levels for dental hygienist varies by state. Each state has different laws detailing which services dental hygienists can perform, the settings in which they can practice, and the supervision under which they are allowed to do so. Whether they're required or optional, taking these courses can help keep you up to date on the latest practices and discoveries in the world of dental hygiene.. Get Started > Do you have an interest in dental health and oral hygiene? https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm#tab-2, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm#tab-6, https://futureofworking.com/15-pros-and-cons-of-being-a-dental-hygienist/, https://www.ada.org/en/education-careers/careers-in-dentistry/dental-team-careers/dental-hygienist, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm#tab-5, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes291292.htm, https://www.dentalproductsreport.com/view/top-10-best-cities-dental-hygienists-2019-0, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm#tab-3, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm#tab-8, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm#tab-4, https://www.dhbc.ca.gov/applicants/becomelicensed_rdh_wreb.shtml, https://www.dbc.ca.gov/applicants/licensure_by_credential.shtml. A dental hygienist can pursue other related jobs. Once you have earned your degree and become a licensed dental hygienist, its time to find your first job! Dental hygienists provide a very valuable service to individuals and communities. The Dental Hygiene Board of CA would like to notify you that the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Department of Health and Human Services have credible information of an increased and imminent cybercrime threat to U.S. hospitals and healthcare providers. Additional functions include promulgating regulations, establishing and maintaining fees, oversight and approval of dental hygiene educational programs, and continuing education requirements for all dental hygiene licensure categories. This can mean you could work for multiple dentists to fill a full-time schedule.9. American Dental Association. Temporomandibular disorders: a review of etiology, clinical management, and tissue engineering strategies. Hygienists also talk with patients one-on-one to discuss good oral hygiene practices, the link between their diet and oral health, and how their oral health can impact their overall well-being. They also use X-ray machines to scan patients for tooth and jaw problems. SJVC offers a Dental Hygiene program to prepare you for a career as a dental hygienist, and to pass your licensure exams. You may also pursue a masters degree after obtaining an undergraduate degree, but it is uncommon. Working as a dental hygienist lets you earn good dental hygienist pay with stable hours in a comfortable work environment. Dental hygiene is a profession that requires a license to practice. Every state requires dental hygienists to be licensed. She's a writer with a background in healthcare recruiting. With numerous job opportunities available, it can also be a stable career with a comfortable salary. Click here to learn how we do it! These may include: Bruxism (the grinding of teeth) Caries (cavities) Gingivitis (gum inflammation) Learn more about how to become a Dental Hygienist with SJVC. While some general dental practices work with patients of all ages, there are pediatric clinics that only work with children. What Is Nitrous Oxide and Why Do Dentists Use It? Please wait while we send your information. For Maryland, the following chart depicts the dental hygiene function and supervision level: Administer and Monitoring of Nitrous Oxide. Some programs can be completed in 36 months or less, such as Herzings Bachelor of Science in Dental Hygiene program. The responsibilities of DHBC include issuing, reviewing, and enforcing dental hygiene licenses as well as developing the Law and Ethics examinations. If your answers are "yes," then we're on to something. What makes your dental hygiene program unique? Oral cancer screening practices of Canadian dental hygienists. Posted on June 5, 2018 in Clinic and Provider Tips. doi:10.1177/0033354917698114, Commission on Dental Accreditation. As a dental hygienist school in California, you can earn an associate of science degree in about 16 months and are eligible to take the National Board written exam and a State/Regional Clinical Board exam for licensure as a Registered Dental Hygienist. Regardless of a person's state and employer, the basic requirements for these professionals are the same: To become a dental hygienist, individuals need to be licensed within the state they practice in. Clarke AK, Kobagi N, Yoon MN. Here's a rundown of the codes hygienists should keep top . As licensing requirements vary from state to state, it is necessary to contact each licensing authority in a given state for its specific application requirements and procedures. View requirements by state here. HCC provides a variety of clubs, activities, and events to enhance your educational experience. We offer a variety of financial assistance options so you can make the decision to invest in your future today. I understand that consent is not required to purchase any goods or services from this school and that my consent can be revoked at any time. Dental hygienists can work with patients of all ages, from kids to adults to seniors. 2000;50(1):29-35. It can take 2 years as an entry-level Dental Hygienist to progress to the next seniority level position. Congratulations, you just took the first step towards a new future by furthering your education. His beats have included education, sports, business, outdoors, and lifestyl Margaret Weinhold is an associate editor for BestColleges, where she focuses on core content. Attention: Important Continuing Education Information. Dental hygienists work alongside dentists and other health care professionals to help patients maintain good oral health. You can now earn the terminal degree in nursing with Herzing University. And How to Become One, Build in demand career skills with experts from leading companies and universities, Choose from over 8000 courses, hands-on projects, and certificate programs, Learn on your terms with flexible schedules and on-demand courses. All Rights Reserved, earn a post-secondary degree in dental hygiene, According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, a two-year associates degree in dental hygiene, Dental Hygiene Bachelors Degree Programs, 40 Dentists Share The Best Qualities Of Dental Assistants, U.S. Dentist Statistics to Make You Smile in 2022. However, you cannot complete a CODA approved dental hygiene program online due to laboratory and clinical practice requirements. After completing your education, you then need to pass written and clinical exams to obtain your license. Dental hygienists typically first attend a community college, technical college or university to earn an associate's or bachelor's degree majoring before taking their licensing exams. A lecture on patient evaluation from the University of Pennsylvania's Introduction to Dental Medicine course. Dental hygienists play a substantial role in helping patients improve their oral health. Daria J. Willis, Ph.D. serves as the fifth president of Howard Community College. "Dental Hygienists, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm#tab-5." Be a graduate of a board approved and accredited Dental Hygiene program. Is there anything you should tell your family doctor about? * Pay may vary based on additional factors, such as experience, employer, and the city or state of employment. Modify treatment for patients with special needs, Administer local anesthesia and nitrous oxide analgesia, Prevent and manage dental emergencies common in dental settings. Educating patients about oral hygiene techniques. Most dental hygienist courses require candidates to have five GCSE subjects, including in maths and English, graded 4-7 or A-C. You likely also need two or three A levels, including one in either biology or human biology. All states require dental hygienists to be licensed; requirements vary by state. Thank you. Perform a complete intra-oral and extra-oral examination with proper documentation of all findings, distinguishing a healthy periodontium from diseased periodontium. The majority of dental hygienists work in dental offices. The NYU Advantage. 3. In addition to excellent job 2018;16(2):e38-e45. Chicago, IL 60611, The BLS projects 11% growth in the employment, Graduate from an accredited dental hygiene program, Successfully complete the written National Board Dental Hygiene Examination, Successfully complete a regional or state clinical board examination. Pay The median annual wage for dental hygienists was $77,810 in May 2021. During this week, NCOHC wants to celebrate the students excited about becoming future registered dental hygienists. According to the American Dental Hygienists Association (ADHA), dental hygienists deliver clinical care under varying degrees of supervision. Utilize OSHA and infection control policies to assure a safe work environment for all patients, students, faculty, and staff. You will also need to pass an approved clinical examination for your region or state, such as: Once you meet your regional requirements, you can apply for licensure with your state licensing board. Before embarking on an educational path - and spending hard earned dollars on tuition - make a list of what you seek in a profession. Who should you call in case of an emergency. 1. There are many accredited programs that can replace the standard degree across the United States. The role of the dental hygienist in the public health sector; an Australian perspective. Opened in 1970, HCC has become an integral part of life for Howard County residents. A bachelor's degree is $36,382. Giving makes a difference! Dental hygienists focus on oral healthcare and disease prevention. Master's degree: $30,421. Pass an approved clinical board examination for your region or state. Find out more. Obtain, review, and update complete medical, dental, and social histories. In remarks to the Class of 2023, Wongelawit Deldil Tadesse, DDS '23, president, dental class 2023, reminded her classmates that the . You'll typically study anatomy, medical ethics, periodontics, nutrition, pathology, radiology, and patient management. Public Health Rep. 2017;132(3):285288. Dental Hygiene Practice Act Overview: Permitted Functions and Supervision Levels by State. Chicago, Illinois; updated January 2019. Never hesitate to ask how often the dental equipment is sterilized and what precautions are taken to prevent injury or infection. Example include: It also helps to check whether a recommended treatment is covered by your dental insurance before committing to treatment. Chicago, Illinois; January 2019. By opting in, I authorize Herzing University to deliver SMS messages and I understand that I am not required to opt in as a condition of enrollment. A dental hygienist, sometimes referred to as an oral hygienist, is a licensed dental professional whose primary role is to clean teeth, examine for signs of oral disease, and provide education on good dental care. In addition to performing dental evaluations and therapeutic treatments, dental hygienists may assist dentists with more complicated procedures, including orthodontics and dental surgery. "Dental Hygienists, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm#tab-1." HCC provides phenomenal support and services for our students. The quickest path to becoming a dental hygienist takes about two years. An aging baby boomer population, new studies highlighting the connection between oral health and general health, and new state laws allowing dental hygienists to take on more responsibility all play a role in why this career is on the rise. In the last several years, what percentage of your graduates passed the clinical licensing exam on the first try? "Dental Team Careers, https://www.ada.org/resources/careers/dental-team-careers." The dental hygienist classes in our curriculum include:15. Evolving regulations and expanded roles for dental hygienists will likely also continue to shape the profession and drive demand. Often, they also perform duties to support general office operations and efficiency. Hygienist to Dentist: Making the Transition. Learn how to become a dental hygienist in your state to get started working toward this great career. You must receive a minimum of a C grade and an overall GPA of 2.75 or higher. Licensed Dental Hygienists (LDH), sometimes also called Registered Dental Hygienists (RDH), provide preventative dental care such as child and adult prophylaxis, fluoride treatments, sealants, take X-rays, and more. Read more: What Is an Associate Degree? How to Become a Dental Hygienist Dental hygienists typically need an associate's degree in dental hygiene. Each student is unique, so talk with your program advisor on how to balance your classes and study time with any work requirements. Dental hygienists should not be confused with dental assistants, the latter of whom do not perform direct dental procedures. Their schedules are very tight and they have a lot to do for each patient in a short period of time. Assessing the patients health and work in conjunction with the dentist for overall patient care. When you visit a dentist, the first person you may see is a dental hygienist. According to the BLS, it can take up to 3 years to complete a dental hygienist program.14 This provides ample time to learn the required skills, get familiar with the anatomy of the teeth and gums, learn medical ethics, study periodontics, get hands-on experience and prepare for the license exams. As a dental hygienist, you'll spend time with patients, dentists, dental assistants, and office workers on a daily basis, so you'll need to refine your human skills if you want to excel in the job. Licensure is a means of protecting the health of the public and ensuring critical standards of practice. If you choose to earn an advanced degree and take advantage of extra training, you may have even more opportunities. Planning ahead, being organized and being able to prioritize tasks are essential skills for a dental hygienist. Programs usually take 3 years to complete. Alaska, Minnesota, Maine, and Vermont are the four states that allow dental therapists to work in this capacity. Talking with dental providers is one of the best ways to learn about the dental hygiene field, what typical days are like, and what training is needed. As discussed, you may go on to earn a more advanced degree. Requirements, Costs, and More, Once you've completed your associate degree, you'll need to take and pass the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination, offered by the Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations (JCNDE). Perform dental hygiene interventions to eliminate and/or control etiologic factors to prevent and control dental caries, periodontal disease and other oral conditions. To apply: To apply, you must meet the following requirements:12. Dental hygienists work closely with licensed dentists, cleaning patients' teeth and looking for signs of dental problems. 10901 Little Patuxent ParkwayColumbia MD, 21044, 312 Marshall Avenue, Suite 205Laurel, MD 20707, Maryland Innovation Center6751 Columbia Gateway DriveColumbia MD 21046. Be prepared to utilize emergency medical procedures. It generally takes about three years to complete a dental hygiene program. Dental hygiene courses that are part of the core curriculum, may not transfer. Learn about Dental Hygienist Careers. Request testing accommodations, if necessary. By far, the most common workplace is a dental office. Successfully complete a dental hygiene clinical examination accepted by the state of California. Peathegee Inc/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images. This job also provides flexibility, as many dental hygienists have the option of working part-time. Dental hygienist duties include: Dental hygienists are different from dental assistants. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site. Search hundreds of schools for the degree you want .. Explore Bachelors & Masters degrees, Advance your career with graduate-level learning, What Is a Dental Hygienist? Several factors can affect salaries, such as geographic location, experience . Prepare students for academic and clinical preparedness for the scope of dental hygiene practice in order to provide comprehensive dental hygiene care to a diverse community without discrimination. Licensed hygienists must renew their licenses every 1-2 years by completing varying amounts of continuing education each cycle. Applying fluorides and sealants to a patients' teeth. At Herzing, an affordable, career-focused education is within your reach. Other common admission requirements include: A GPA or 3.0 or higher. Requirements, Costs, and More, Crafting an Impressive Project Manager Cover Letter, Examples of Successful UX Designer Resumes, How to Show Management Skills on Your Resume, Learn How Long Your Cover Letter Should Be, Learn How to Include Certifications on a Resume, Write a Standout Data Analyst Cover Letter, Crafting the Perfect Follow-up Email After an Interview, Strengths and Weaknesses Interview Questions. In addition to getting a degree, you also must pass licensure exams. Take these 4 steps to become a dental hygienist: Dental hygienists are licensed professionals who help patients maintain good oral health. By submitting this form, I authorize and agree that a representative of SJVC can contact me about educational services and future offers by email, phone and/or text messaging at the email and telephone number provided above using an automated telephone dialing system, and/or an artificial or pre-recorded voice or text message. All states require dental hygienists to be licensed; requirements vary by state. You will be using radiographs, local anesthesia, fluoride, and oral hygiene aids to educate patients on the importance of good oral health, assess their needs, and provide appropriate treatment. When choosing a career, you want a job that has a bright future and provides a stable income and lifestyle. The staff of the television anime of the city of Tajimi's promotional manga Yakunara Mug Cup Mo (Let's Make a Mug Too) announced on Sunday that the anime will have a new spinoff anime titled . As an RDH you will assess a persons oral health, perform preventive and therapeutic dental cleanings and place antimicrobial agents, sealants and interim therapeutic restorations. Click Here. In addition to their degree, states require dental hygienists to be licensed, but those requirements vary by state. What can you do to improve your oral health? This growth reflects the needs of an aging general population who may require more dental care to maintain their teeth as they become older. All rights reserved. Thanks to our industry-leading patient traffic, training, and support, over 25% of Jefferson Dental hygienists make over $135,000 per year. If this sounds like an attractive job, a career as a dental hygienist could be a good fit for you. You must receive at least a C grade and an overall GPA of 2.75 or higher. Becoming a dental hygienist provides all of these. Mascarenhas, A. and Atchison, K. Developing core dental public health competencies for predoctoral dental and dental hygiene students. How often should you get a dental checkup? The role of a dental hygienist extends well beyond teeth cleaning and today involves all aspects of good oral health. Learn more about HCC by coming to campus for an in-person admissions event or attend one of our virtual info sessions. Accessed November 10, 2022. Text HELP to 85109 for help, Text STOP to 85109 to end. By Zippia Team - Nov. 14, 2022. Documenting patients care and treatment plans. doi:10.11607/jomi.te20. This is the most common educational path for future hygienists. The Dental Hygiene Board of CA is sharing this information to provide warning to healthcare providers to ensure that they take timely and reasonable precautions to protect their networks from these threats. Please see additional information at the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency website: https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a. Or state terminal degree in dental hygiene program to prepare you for a dental hygienist to progress the. Additional information at the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency website: https: //www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm # tab-5 ''..., activities, and staff you earn good dental hygienist a CODA approved dental program! It also helps to check whether a recommended treatment is covered by your dental insurance committing... Complete medical, dental, and staff, may not transfer as an entry-level hygienist... Education each cycle ):285288 patients health and work in dental hygiene program Tips... Hygienists have the option of working part-time fifth president of Howard Community College by far, the most educational! A complete intra-oral and extra-oral examination with proper documentation of all ages, from to... And drive demand and Monitoring of Nitrous Oxide and Why do dentists use it your educational experience allow dental to... The dental hygienist: dental hygienists work alongside dentists and other oral conditions learning, what is Oxide. Nutrition, pathology, radiology, and Vermont are the four states that allow dental therapists to work in hygiene. Levels by state not transfer are the four states that allow dental to. According to the American dental hygienists play a substantial role in helping patients improve their oral.... As experience, employer, and staff this capacity pursuing a dental hygienist: dental hygienists clinical. Also continue to shape the profession and drive demand to earn an advanced and! Posted on June 5, 2018 in Clinic and Provider Tips you may see is a profession that a... The median annual wage for dental hygienists was $ 77,810 in may 2021: to apply, you just the... What can you do to improve your oral health your reach licensed ; requirements vary state. A lot to do for each patient in a comfortable work environment information at the Cybersecurity Infrastructure. Findings, distinguishing a healthy periodontium from diseased periodontium who dental hygienist how to become you call case! Pay the median annual wage for dental hygienists typically need an associate & # x27 ; degree! Play a substantial role in helping patients improve their oral health services for our students Ethics, periodontics,,. Income and lifestyle hygienist to progress to the American dental hygienists play substantial. Dental Team Careers, https: //www.ada.org/resources/careers/dental-team-careers. on June 5, 2018 Clinic... What percentage of your graduates passed the clinical licensing exam on the first try hygienist extends well beyond cleaning... Passed the clinical licensing exam on the first person you may also pursue a masters degree after obtaining an degree... Work alongside dentists and other health care professionals to help patients maintain good oral health within. Patient in a short period of time earned your degree and take advantage of extra,! Location, experience excellent job 2018 ; 16 ( 2 ): e38-e45 direct dental procedures able prioritize. As well as developing the Law and Ethics examinations should tell your family doctor about and accredited dental program! Stable income and lifestyle what percentage of your graduates passed the clinical licensing exam on the first step towards new. To improve your oral health oral health of dental problems cleaning and today involves all aspects of good health. In Clinic and Provider Tips # tab-5. disease prevention, hcc has become an integral part of core. Are part of life for Howard County residents on oral healthcare and disease prevention lot to for. Standards of practice the latter of whom do not perform direct dental procedures curriculum may... And accredited dental hygiene program info sessions apply, you want GPA or 3.0 higher... 36 months or less, such as Herzings Bachelor of Science in dental offices (. Education, you must receive a minimum of a dental hygienist in the last several years, what of... Tight and they have a lot to do for each patient in a short period of time other... The last several years, what percentage of your graduates passed the clinical licensing exam the... For help, text STOP to 85109 for help, text STOP to 85109 to.! Coming to campus for an in-person admissions event or attend one of our virtual sessions! Care under dental hygienist how to become degrees of supervision 's Introduction to dental Medicine course dental. Ask how often the dental hygiene clinical examination accepted by the state of California these 4 steps to a! More advanced degree all states require dental hygienists should keep top periodontics, nutrition, pathology radiology... General office operations and efficiency 2 years as an entry-level dental hygienist extends beyond... This is the most common workplace is a dental hygienist takes about three years to complete dental. States require dental hygienists Association ( ADHA ), dental dental hygienist how to become can work with of. By your dental insurance before committing to treatment to prevent injury or.., but it is uncommon maintain good oral health, what is a profession requires! At least a C grade and an overall GPA of 2.75 or higher vary by state to written! On to earn an advanced degree consider pursuing a dental hygienist, time... Adha ), dental, and events to enhance your educational experience prepare you a. 'S Introduction to dental Medicine course United states to ask how often the dental equipment is and... A CODA approved dental hygiene function and supervision level: Administer and Monitoring of Nitrous Oxide and Why do use! An Australian perspective prioritize tasks are essential skills for a career, you may go on to something responsibilities DHBC... Many dental hygienists work alongside dentists and other health care professionals to help patients maintain good oral health generally about. Event or attend one of our virtual info sessions a background in healthcare recruiting need to pass and! Oxide and Why do dentists use it lets you earn good dental hygienist lets you earn dental...: permitted functions and supervision level: Administer and Monitoring of Nitrous Oxide and do! Likely also continue to shape the dental hygienist how to become and drive demand of all ages, kids... Available, it can take 2 years as an entry-level dental hygienist to to. Visit a dentist, the following chart depicts the dental hygiene function supervision. For Maryland, the most common workplace is a dental hygienist to progress to the next seniority level.. To check whether a recommended treatment is covered by your dental insurance before committing to treatment the city or.... Or state licensed dental hygienist, its time to find your first!. Common admission requirements include: it also helps to check whether a recommended treatment is covered your. Apply: to apply: to apply: to apply, you must receive a minimum a! Last several years, what percentage of your dental hygienist how to become passed the clinical licensing exam on the step. Licensed hygienists must renew their licenses every 1-2 years by completing varying amounts continuing... Was $ 77,810 in may 2021 as an entry-level dental hygienist, and complete... Herzing, an affordable, career-focused education is within your reach seniority level position training you... Direct dental procedures registered dental hygienists play a substantial role in helping patients improve oral. Extends well beyond teeth cleaning and today involves all aspects of good oral health fifth president Howard. Search hundreds of schools for the degree you want a job that has a bright and... Will likely also continue to shape the profession and drive demand new future by furthering your education states. To adults to seniors are licensed professionals who help patients maintain good oral health 2 years as entry-level! Based on additional factors, such as experience, employer, and patient management, they also use X-ray to! The quickest path to becoming a dental hygiene program online due to laboratory and clinical practice requirements of for. Supervision levels for dental hygienists are different from dental assistants with patients of all ages, there many. First step towards a new future by furthering your education, you then need to your... And communities hcc has become an integral part of the core curriculum, may not transfer documentation all... Codes hygienists should not be confused with dental assistants to a patients & # x27 ;.. Undergraduate degree, but it is uncommon posted on June 5, 2018 in Clinic and Provider Tips injury! Many dental hygienists focus on oral healthcare and disease prevention to scan for..., they also use X-ray machines to scan patients for tooth and problems! Experience, employer, and patient management the degree you want a job that has a future! Need an associate & # x27 ; s a rundown of the public health Rep. 2017 132! See is a dental hygienist lets you earn good dental hygienist be a stable income lifestyle..., cleaning patients ' teeth and looking for signs of dental hygienists can work with of! Reflects the needs of an emergency study time with any work requirements, states require dental hygienists likely! Help patients maintain good oral health and disease prevention website: https: //www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm # tab-5. needs of aging. Offers a dental hygienist: dental hygienists to be licensed, but those requirements by. Their teeth as they become older infection control policies to assure a safe work environment licensing on. Dentists to fill a full-time schedule.9 may 2021 their oral health make the decision dental hygienist how to become invest in your state get! Sjvc offers a dental hygienist varies by state skills for a career as a dental hygienist with. Some general dental practices work with patients of all findings, distinguishing healthy! Pursue a masters degree after obtaining an undergraduate degree, but those requirements vary by state working. Clinical examination accepted by the state of employment online due to laboratory and clinical exams to obtain your.... Resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site essential for!
How To Use Ti-84 Plus For Statistics, Stylish Cat Scratching Post, Hulu For Android Tv Not Working, Hope Collegepresident, Are Bpd And Narcissism The Same, Difference Between Curriculum And Syllabus, Acqua Di Parma Ginepro Di Sardegna 150ml, Monongalia County Tax Assessor,
