He was the last Republican to serve as the state governor of Mississippi until the election of Kirk Fordice, who took office in January 1992, 116 years after Ames vacated the office. [16] His appointments included some so-called scalawags and a few former Confederates, but he was never happy in Mississippi, and much of the time, his wife and family remained in the North, where the weather was cooler and the socioeconomic conditions were less unpleasant. Ames took command of the division and led it in retreat through the streets of Gettysburg to a position on Cemetery Hill. [27] McClellan was obliged to absorb all credit for the victory at Rich Mountain, and lent no credit to Rosecrans' performance during the battle. In 2021 . [26], In March 2012, the Ames Hill Castle was unanimously voted "preferably preserved" by the Tewksbury Historic Commission due to its unique architectural features, the current state of preservation, and its association with General Ames. His command soon extended to the Fourth Military District, which consisted of Mississippi and Arkansas. The War Department was reluctant to publish his report because, just after completing it in October 1863, McClellan openly declared his entrance to the political stage as a Democrat. During the two years following his service in the Army of the Potomac, Ames shifted between brigade and division command (and even led his corps on two occasions). The board elected unanimously to table the proposal, citing several concerns both with Sullivan's absence (as he had sent his attorney rather than present the proposal in person) and reluctance to meet with residents, and his previous legal issues with the property. [4] He also attended the Monmouth Academy and Maine Wesleyan Academy. That night, McClellan decided to withdraw his army to a safer base, well below Richmond, on a portion of the James River that was under control of the Union Navy. The Union victory and Lincoln's proclamation played a considerable role in dissuading the governments of France and Britain from recognizing the Confederacy; some suspected they were planning to do so in the aftermath of another Union defeat. For other people with the same name, see, "Little Napoleon" redirects here. In fact, the general-in-chief position was left unfilled. [23], On May 3 McClellan re-entered federal service as commander of the Department of the Ohio, responsible for the defense of the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and, later, western Pennsylvania, western Virginia, and Missouri. [80], McClellan was nominated by the Democrats to run against Abraham Lincoln in the 1864 U.S. presidential election. McClellan Fitness Center is a United States Army gym located at Fort Eustis, Virginia near his Peninsula Campaign. 2012) "In defense of McClellan at Antietam: A contrarian view", Commanding General of the United States Army, The confederates at Philippi were completely routed, killed in a rearguard action on Cheat River at Corrick's ford by Morris' force, Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Mexican War Diary of George B. McClellan, Manual of Bayonet Exercise, Prepared for the Use of the Army of the United States, The Report of Captain George B. 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Date of Birth - Death August 13, 1851 - May 13, 1937 When President Abraham Lincoln in May 1861 issued the call for volunteers to serve in the Union army for a three year term, one of those who tried to answer was Ohio resident John Clem. [90][91], In the general election, he faced William A. Newell, a Republican former governor who accused McClellan of living in New York, which he easily refuted. This page was last edited on 31 May 2023, at 10:18. Adelbert Ames (October 31, 1835 April 13, 1933) was an American sailor, soldier, and politician who served with distinction as a Union Army general during the American Civil War. McClellan chose Rosecrans as his successor and briefed him on the situation before departing for Washington upon being summoned to reorganize the routed Unionist Army of Northeastern Virginia after the defeat at Bull Run. The following day, Union General William. Artillery. His daughter Blanche Ames Ames (she married into another Ames family) was a noted suffragist, inventor, artist, and writer. Section 1 Lt. Col. Alexander T. Augusta , U.S. Army (1825-1890) Augusta was a pioneering doctor and the highest-ranking African American officer of the Civil War, promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel in 1865. Unlike some of his fellow Union officers who came from abolitionist families, he was opposed to federal interference with slavery. Will send you trophies. In the battle of Malvern Hill, he was on a gunboat, the USSGalena, which at one point was ten miles (16km) away, down the James River. the last land battle of the Civil War. Lincoln's Cabinet met on October 18 and agreed to accept Scott's resignation for reasons of health.[41]. That fall, for example, Confederate forces ranged from 35,000 to 60,000, whereas the Army of the Potomac in September numbered 122,000 men; in early December 170,000; by year end, 192,000. For the Confederate general, see, Thorp, Gene (September 7. A Radical Republican, he was military governor, U.S. "[31] On July 26, the day he reached the capital, McClellan was appointed commander of the Military Division of the Potomac, the main Union force responsible for the defense of Washington. There were several exceptions from the general rule of quick civil wars during this period. He favored a war that would impose little impact on civilian populations and require no emancipation of slaves. Due to intense rain, a movement that was originally estimated to take an hour or two at most, took more than 7 hours. When Ulysses S. Grant became general-in-chief, he discussed returning McClellan to an unspecified position. [52], McClellan's army moved towards Richmond over the next three weeks, coming to within four miles (6.4km) of it. Rank and Organization: First Lieutenant, 5th U.S. The appointment was controversial in the Cabinet, a majority of whom signed a petition declaring to the president "our deliberate opinion that, at this time, it is not safe to entrust to Major General McClellan the command of any Army of the United States". "[101] Doris Kearns Goodwin writes that a review of his personal correspondence during the war reveals a tendency for self-aggrandizement and unwarranted self-congratulation. On May 31, as McClellan planned an assault, his army was surprised by a Confederate attack. Jefferson Columbus Davis was a Union general who shared a name with the Confederate PresidentJefferson Finis Davisand shot and killed a superior officer over a disagreement in 1862. He established a supply base on the Pamunkey River (a navigable tributary of the York River) at White House Landing where the Richmond and York River Railroad extending to Richmond crossed, and commandeered the railroad, transporting steam locomotives and rolling stock to the site by barge.[53]. [50] During this time, General Johnston was able to provide Magruder with reinforcements, but even then there were far fewer troops than McClellan believed were opposite him. "[67] Lee's assessment proved to be inaccurate as McClellan reacted quickly, with the Confederate leader remarking that McClellan was "advancing more rapidly than was convenient." Congressman from New York (1861-1863) Dix, John Adams: Major General, USV (May 16, 1861) Resigned November 30, 1865 On May 14, he was commissioned a major general in the regular army. "George Brinton McClellan." The first major battle, at Mechanicsville, was poorly coordinated by Lee and his subordinates and resulted in heavy casualties for little tactical gain. [91] Few concrete measures passed and those that did, such as the abolition of the state tax and improvements to the National Guard, were widely popular. The list of American Civil War (Civil War) generals has been divided into five articles: an introduction on this page, a list of Union Army generals, a list of Union brevet generals, a list of Confederate Army generals and a list of prominent acting Confederate States Army generals, which includes officers appointed to duty by E. Kirby Smith, of. The Union defeat at the minor Battle of Ball's Bluff near Leesburg in October added to the frustration and indirectly damaged McClellan. As he quickly implemented plans to invade the region. The conflict began primarily as a result of the long-standing disagreement over the institution of slavery. [28] The New York Herald entitled an article about him "Gen. McClellan, the Napoleon of the Present War". In March 1852, he was ordered to report to Capt. Ames won by a vote of 69,870 to 50,490. McClellan immediately replied with a 22-page letter objecting in detail to the president's plan and advocating instead his Urbanna plan, which was the first written instance of the plan's details being presented to the president. [84] Prior to his return in September 1868, the Democratic Party had expressed some interest in nominating him for president again, but Ulysses S. Grant became the Republican candidate in May 1868, and this interest died. McClellan was pleased and ordered his subordinate, Colonel William S. Rosecrans, to lead a contingent of troops, flank the confederates and take them by surprise. However, he died before it was half completed and his literary executor, William C. Prime, editor of the pro-McClellan New York Journal of Commerce, included excerpts from some 250 of McClellan's wartime letters to his wife, in which it had been his habit to reveal his innermost feelings and opinions in unbridled fashion. Between 620,000 and 750,000 American soldiers died during this time. Isaac Stevens, governor of the Washington Territory, became dissatisfied with McClellan's performance in his scouting of passes across the Cascade Range. Basing artillery on a strategic bluff high above a bend in the river, and sinking boats to create an impassable series of obstacles in the river itself, the Confederates effectively blocked this potential approach to Richmond. [97] McClellan himself summed up his style of warfare in a draft of his memoirs: It has always been my opinion that the true course in conducting military operations, is to make no movement until the preparations are as complete as circumstances permit, & never to fight a battle without some definite object worth the probable loss. Ames next headed to New York City, then later settled in Tewksbury, Massachusetts[23] as an executive in a flour mill, along with other business interests in the nearby city of Lowell. [7], At West Point, he was an energetic and ambitious cadet, deeply interested in the teachings of Dennis Hart Mahan and the theoretical strategic principles of Antoine-Henri Jomini. [2] His father's family was of Scottish and English heritage. These include Fort McClellan in Alabama, McClellan Butte and McClellan Peak in the state of Washington, where he traveled while conducting the Pacific Railroad Survey in 1853, and a bronze equestrian statue honoring General McClellan in Washington, D.C. Another equestrian statue honors him in front of Philadelphia City Hall, while the McClellan Gate at Arlington National Cemetery is dedicated to him and displays his name. The stubborn Confederate defenses gave Lee enough time to concentrate many of his men at Sharpsburg, Maryland. He was appointed a captain, August 15, 1861. His son Butler Ames was a businessman and politician, representing Massachusetts in Congress for ten years. Lincoln won the election handily, with 212 Electoral College votes to 21, and a popular vote of 2,218,388 to 1,812,807 or 55% to 45%. However, historians note that Lee's victory was in many ways pyrrhic as he failed to destroy the Army of the Potomac and suffered a bloody repulse at Malvern Hill. Although Lincoln had intended to issue the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation earlier, Secretary of State William H. Seward advised him to wait until a Union victory to avoid the perception that it was issued out of desperation, and Lincoln accepted the advice. White supremacist terrorism and violence were prevalent in the state, one of the last to comply with Reconstruction, but a general election was held during his tenure in 1869. He also wrote a manual on cavalry tactics that was based on Russian cavalry regulations. Not yet 10 years old, Clem's service was refused by the newly formed 3rd Ohio. The Mississippi Legislature elected Ames to the US Senate after the readmission of Mississippi to the Union. He began to write another draft of what would be published posthumously, in 1887, as McClellan's Own Story. In return for disarming the few militia units he had assembled, they promised to guarantee a full, free, fair election, which they did not keep. During the Utah War against the Mormons, he considered rejoining the Army. I almost think that were I to win some small success now I could become Dictator or anything else that might please mebut nothing of that kind would please metherefore I won't be Dictator. At the end of June, Lee began a series of attacks that became known as the Seven Days Battles. McClellan's daughter, Mary ("May") (18611945), married a French diplomat and spent much of her life abroad. With Eric Krupke and Nina Feldman. But the holiday's Black history has not been universally embraced. [25] Ames's widow compiled a collection of her correspondence with Ames, Chronicles from the Nineteenth Century, published posthumously in 1957. And he was far too willing to accept cautious advice about saving his reserves, such as when a significant breakthrough in the center of the Confederate line could have been exploited, but Fitz John Porter is said to have told McClellan, "Remember, General, I command the last reserve of the last Army of the Republic."[76]. It was an armada that dwarfed all previous American expeditions, transporting 121,500 men, 44 artillery batteries, 1,150 wagons, over 15,000 horses, and tons of equipment and supplies. Known as a dependable and brave man, Sedgwick was injured a number of times and was present at the Battle of Gettysburg. First, McClellan proponents say that because the general was a conservative Democrat with great personal charisma, radical Republicans fearing his political potential deliberately undermined his field operations. "[15] The Clinton Riot on September 4 ended with white Democratic paramilitaries riding over the county, shooting every black person they chanced upon. [16], Returning to the East, McClellan began courting his future wife, Mary Ellen Marcy (18361915), the daughter of his former commander. However, Sullivan has been subject to several court rulings for zoning violations on the property, including one in 1991 and again in 1999. The outnumbered Confederate forces fought desperately and well. In June 1851, he was ordered to Fort Delaware, a masonry work under construction on an island in the Delaware River, forty miles (65km) downriver from Philadelphia. By August, the Democratic Party had united to carry the legislative elections that fall and carried out what came to be called the "Mississippi Plan." [30], Carl Sandburg wrote, "McClellan was the man of the hour, pointed to by events, and chosen by an overwhelming weight of public and private opinion. McClellan wired to Washington, "Our victory was complete. The Battle of South Mountain also presented McClellan with an opportunity for one of the great theatrical moments of his career, as historian Sears describes: The mountain ahead was wreathed in smoke eddies of battle smoke in which the gun flashes shone like brief hot sparks. This was the first land conflict of the war. He waved the order at his old Army friend, Brig. The Radicals and most black voters supported Ames, and Alcorn won the votes of scalawags, moderate Whiggish whites. McClellan won the election by a large majority and Democrats gained a majority in both houses of the New Jersey legislature for the first time since 1870. [47] The second crisis was the emergence of the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia, which threw Washington into a panic and made naval support operations on the James River seem problematic. [1][2] Daggett was nominated for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general, to rank from March 13, 1865, by President Andrew Johnson on February 21, 1866 and was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 10, 1866. In truth, Republican promises to rebuild the Southern United States, restore prosperity, create public schools, and expand railroads attracted some white Southerners. That winter, the division was reassigned to the XXIV Corps and sent to North Carolina. "[21] Though insiders agreed that their case was a very weak one, removal was certain, particularly after his black lieutenant-governor had been removed and the line of succession led to a Democrat. General McClellan and President Abraham Lincoln developed a mutual distrust, and McClellan was privately derisive of Lincoln. In August 2010, Sullivan's attorney brought forth a proposal to Tewksbury's board of selectmen for modifications to the Ames Hill Castle, to fall under the Massachusetts Comprehensive Permit Act: Chapter 40B, which would allow him to maintain the property as a multi-unit rental legally. "[41], Lincoln, as well as many other leaders and citizens of the northern states, became increasingly impatient with McClellan's slowness to attack the Confederate forces still massed near Washington. He marched toward Maryland with six of his reorganized corps. Joseph E. Johnston, in full Joseph Eggleston Johnston, (born February 3, 1807, near Farmville, Virginia, U.S.died March 21, 1891, Washington, D.C.), Confederate general who never suffered a direct defeat during the American Civil War (1861-65). He served as the 24th Governor of New Jersey from 1878 to 1881; he eventually became a writer, and vigorously defended his Civil War conduct. [110] Camp McClellan, in Davenport, IA, is a former Union Army camp established in August 1861 after the outbreak of the Civil War. [54] Ethan Rafuse notes "McClellan's change of base to the James, however, thwarted Lee's attempt to do this. Aaron Simon Daggett (June 14, 1837 May 14, 1938) was a career United States Army officer. Daggett was a brigadier general of volunteers in the SpanishAmerican War. He performed well in both jobs, expanding the Illinois Central toward New Orleans and helping the Ohio and Mississippi recover from the Panic of 1857. [1], McClellan's first assignment was with a company of engineers formed at West Point, but he quickly received orders to sail for the Mexican War. He prevented the army's morale from collapsing at least twice, in the aftermath of the First and Second Battles of Bull Run. [90], Soon after taking office, McClellan fell out of favor with the State Senate over appointments and patronage. Both of Daggett's grandfathers served in the Revolutionary War. Ames is buried in the Hildreth family cemetery the family of his mother-in-law, Sarah Hildreth Butler behind the main cemetery (also known as Hildreth Cemetery) on Hildreth Street in Lowell, Massachusetts. Gen. George H. Gordon, was transferred to the Department of the South, where it served in actions in South Carolina and Florida. During his administration, two companies were equipped with Gatling guns, a new battalion was organized, regular rifle practice was instituted, and provisions were made to supply new uniforms. McClellan's plan for a rapid seizure of Yorktown was foiled by the removal of 1st Corps from the Army of the Potomac for the defense of Washington. [1], Because of his political connections and his mastery of French, McClellan received the assignment to be an official observer of the European armies in the Crimean War in 1855. His old report from his tour in the Crimean war was quickly rushed for publication. [99], There is indeed ample evidence that the terrible stresses of commanding men in battle, especially the beloved men of his beloved Army of the Potomac, left his moral courage in tatters. Leigh, Philip. [20], That November, Democrats terrorized a large part of the Republican vote into staying home, driving voters from the polls with shotguns and cannons, and gaining firm control of both houses of the legislature. Rumors traveled through the capital that McClellan might resign, or instigate a military coup, if Scott were not removed. However, Gene Thorp in a 2012 article in The Washington Post cited evidence that the vanguard of Army of the Potomac was in motion all day on the 13th due to orders McClellan had issued the previous day. This plan, which would require considerable patience of the Northern public, was derided in newspapers as the Anaconda Plan, but eventually proved to be the outline of the successful prosecution of the war. This force beset the rebels at Laurel Mountain on July 7. The governor ordered McClellan to turn over his expedition logbooks, but McClellan steadfastly refused, most likely because of embarrassing personal comments that he had made throughout his adventures. [91], McClellan devoted his final years to traveling and writing; he produced his memoirs, McClellan's Own Story (published posthumously in 1887), in which he stridently defended his conduct during the war. [90], The concluding chapter of his political career was his strong support in 1884 for Grover Cleveland. Birth: East Thomaston, Maine. The reason for McClellan's reluctance was that, as in previous battles, he was convinced he was outnumbered. A harrowing pursuit caused several hundred, including Pegram, to surrender next day, and the battle of Rich Mountain ended in a decisive unionist victory. [107] And fourth, that Lincoln and Stanton deliberately undermined McClellan because of his conciliatory stance towards the South, which might have resulted in a less destructive end to the war had Richmond fallen as a result of the Peninsula Campaign. He told one of his generals, "He is an able general but a very cautious one. [13], McClellan's experiences in the war would shape his military and political life. Before that time I hope to be on the Susquehanna. Like other observers, though, McClellan did not appreciate the importance of the emergence of rifled muskets in the Crimean War, and the fundamental changes in warfare tactics it would require.[19]. [68], Meanwhile, Union soldiers accidentally found a copy of Lee's orders dividing his army, wrapped around a package of cigars in an abandoned camp. 54. Senator, and civilian governor in Reconstruction-era Mississippi. McClellan revised his plans to have his troops disembark at Fort Monroe, Virginia, and advance up the Virginia Peninsula to Richmond, an operation that would be known as the Peninsula Campaign. Iris Lee Gay Jordan, 92 (left), and Fred Upham, 93 (right)two of the few remaining children of veterans of the Civil Warappear as they might have had they lived in the 1860s. While his experience at Gettysburg did not achieve the renown of Chamberlain's, Ames performed well under challenging circumstances. Ames' class had graduated about a month earlier than usual, while a second class, set to graduate in 1862, graduated on June 24, 1861. Around 1868, Ames became an original companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, a military society of former Union officers and their descendants. Hosted by Sabrina Tavernise. [37], The immediate problem with McClellan's war strategy was that he was convinced the Confederates were ready to attack him with overwhelming numbers. The legislature convened at the beginning of the following year.[4]. [1] He was appointed brevet colonel, March 3, 1865. Though. Both passed the legislature in 1878 and 1880, respectively. Democrats in Vicksburg launched a coup in December 1874. Upon their arrival on July 28, they were astonished to find that they had been given up for dead. McClellan then split his forces up, one column went under the command of general Thomas A. Morris, marched to the Beverly-Fairmont turnpike to attack confederate troops defending Laurel Mountain, who were under command of confederate general Robert S. Garnett, and secure the northern road leading to the valley east of the mountains. White Southerners who sided with the Republican Party were derisively referred to as "scalawags," small, useless horses. McClellan spent the next three weeks repositioning his troops and waiting for promised reinforcements. George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, Civil War Union general, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th governor of New Jersey. Union Army general and Medal of Honor recipient, For his son, the scientist who invented the Ames room, see, Warner, p. 6, "This last survivor of the full-rank general officers on either side of the conflict "; Eicher, p. 103, " the last surviving substantive Civil War general officer. McClellan would leave two corps behind to defend Washington. He called a council of war at the White House in which McClellan's subordinates were asked about their confidence in the Urbanna plan. Steven R. Stotelmyer in Too Useful to Sacrifice places it at about 60,000 men, noting that the 87,000 number includes non-combat soldiers and units not immediately available. "Adelbert Ames, Soldier and Politician: a Reevaluation.". [20], Before the outbreak of the Civil War, McClellan became active in politics, supporting the presidential campaign of Democrat Stephen A. Douglas in the 1860 election. [1] He was the son of Yankee parents, whose Puritan ancestors came to New England as part of the Puritan migration from England in 1630. A graduate of West Point, McClellan served with distinction during the MexicanAmerican War (18461848), and later left the Army to serve as an executive and engineer on railroads until the outbreak of the American Civil War (18611865). It became standard issue for as long as the U.S. horse cavalry existed and is still used for ceremonies. Finally, after an exhausting march, Rosecrans took up positions south of the Hart home and launched a vigorous attack up the hill to the hart farm. [1] He was present at the Battle of San Juan Hill. [25], Governor Dennison encouraged and pressured McClellan to conduct offensive operations in Northwestern Virginia, where unionist sentiment was strong and west Virginians were clamoring for secession from east Virginia. Daggett was born in Greene, Maine, on June 14, 1837. Beagle, Jonathan M. "George Brinton McClellan." Volunteers in March 1865, while Ames had been promoted to the permanent rank of brigadier general in the Regular Army about the same period.). Randolph B. Marcy at Fort Smith, Arkansas, to serve as second-in-command on an expedition to discover the sources of the Red River. On July 1, 1856, he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York; he graduated five years later in May 1861, fifth in his class of forty-five. Yet there was obvious disappointment that McClellan had not crushed Lee, who was fighting with a smaller army with its back to the Potomac River. In doing so, Lee had assumed that the Union army would withdraw to the east toward its existing supply base and McClellan's move to the south delayed Lee's response for at least 24 hours. He also received an assignment to the Department of Texas, with orders to perform a survey of Texas rivers and harbors. He told Ellen, "I will not fight for the abolitionists." Not only did McClellan's decision allow the Federals to gain control of the time and place for the battles that took place in late June and early July, it enabled them to fight in a way that inflicted terrible beating on the Confederate army.More importantly, by the end of the Seven Days Battles, McClellan had dramatically improved his operational situation."[55]. General George Pickett was a Confederate general whose unsuccessful attack on the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg is now known as Pickett's Charge. Following the example of Winfield Scott, he ran as a U.S. Army general still on active duty; he did not resign his commission until election day, November 8, 1864. Ames's daughter Blanche Ames Ames, a formidable figure in Massachusetts, bombarded the then-senator with letters complaining about the depiction and continued her barrage after Kennedy entered the White House. General Robert E. Lee on April 9, 1865. [9] The 20th Maine fought in the Maryland Campaign but saw little action at the Battle of Antietam on September 17 while in a reserve capacity. McClellan was forced to repudiate the platform, which made his campaign inconsistent and difficult. After the battle, the men of the 20th Maine presented Ames with their battle flag as a token of their esteem. The state rate of 14 1/2 mills in 1874 was reduced to 9 1/2 in 1875 and 6 1/2 in 1876.[15]. Although Lincoln believed his plan was superior, he was relieved that McClellan finally agreed to begin moving, and reluctantly approved. Entered Service At: Rockland, Maine. Data needs to be sourced from National Military Archives.). [1] He was appointed to the brigadier general grade to rank from September 1, 1898 and was mustered out of the volunteers on November 30, 1898. On November 1, 1861, Winfield Scott retired and McClellan became general-in-chief of all the Union armies. McClellan worked on engineering projects in New York City and was offered the position of president of the newly formed University of California, which he declined. About 1900, Ames joined the Massachusetts Society of Colonial Wars. [43] On November 13, he snubbed the president, who had come to visit McClellan's house, by making him wait for 30 minutes, only to be told that the general had gone to bed and could not receive him. He was appointed lieutenant colonel in the 25th U.S. Infantry Regiment on October 1, 1895. Original music by Marion . On February 21, 1900 Daggett became a brigadier general of the regular U.S. Army before retiring on March 2, 1901 to Auburn, Maine. On March 8, doubting McClellan's resolve, Lincoln again interfered with the army commander's prerogatives. As with the decisive battles in the Seven Days, McClellan's headquarters were too far to the rear to allow his personal control over the battle. "[45] On January 12, 1862, McClellan was summoned to the White House, where the Cabinet demanded to hear his war plans. Lincoln, Stanton, and a group of officers who formed the "War Board" directed the strategic actions of the Union armies that spring. Adelbert (/dlbrt/ -DEL-brt)[2] Ames was born in 1835 in the town of Rockland (then known as East Thomaston), located in Knox County, Maine. He wrote a letter to Gen. Scott on April 27, four days after assuming command in Ohio, that presented the first proposal for a strategy for the war. He learned that flanking movements (used by Scott at Cerro Gordo) are often better than frontal assaults, and the value of siege operations (Veracruz). By June the expedition reached the source of the north fork of the river and Marcy named a small tributary McClellan's Creek. However, he generally can be identified as a division commander. McClellan resigned his commission January 16, 1857, and, capitalizing on his experience with railroad assessment, became chief engineer and vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad, and then president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad in 1860. "If I save this army now, I tell you plainly I owe no thanks to you or to any other persons in Washington. Last Civil War general appointed Diven, Alexander Samuel: Colonel, USV (October 21, 1862) Brigadier general, USV (August 30, 1864) Resigned May 11, 1863 U.S. With the assistance of his father's letter to President John Tyler, McClellan was accepted at the United States Military Academy in 1842 at the age of 15, with the academy waiving its usual minimum age of 16. A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same state . President Dwight D. Eisenhower declared a day of national mourning. Remained upon the field in command of a section of Griffin's Battery, directing its fire after being severely wounded and refusing to leave the field until too weak to sit upon the caisson where he had been placed by men of his command.[30]. [109], Several geographic features and establishments have been named for George B. McClellan. McClellan is usually ranked in the lowest tier of Civil War generals. [18] In March 1855, McClellan was promoted to captain and assigned to the 1st U.S. Cavalry regiment. [17] However, he had little success in winning over his enemies in the party and was quick to attribute sinister motives on their part. Making an amphibious clockwise turning movement around the Confederate Army in northern Virginia, McClellan's forces turned west to move up the Virginia Peninsula, between the James River and York River, landing from Chesapeake Bay, with the Confederate capital, Richmond, as their objective. "It's mainly . Ames was the son-in-law of Civil War General Benjamin Butler. Admirable self-denial! He claimed to have defeated an attempt at vote fraud by Republicans by ordering the delay of a train that was carrying men to vote illegally in another county, enabling Douglas to win the county. The governors of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, the three largest states of the Union, actively pursued him to command their states' militia. McClellan ordered his units to set out for the South Mountain passes and was able to punch through the defended passes that separated them from Lee. Edited by Lisa Chow. Ames was commended for his conduct at Malvern Hill by Col. Henry J. Hunt, chief of the artillery of the Army of the Potomac, and he received a brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel on July 1.[9]. [1] On January 23, 1865, he was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 5th United States Veteran Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Ames was proud of his record and considered himself one of the best Republican governors of any of the Reconstructed states. McClellan was unable to command the army personally because of a recurrence of malarial fever, but his subordinates were able to repel the attacks. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_B._McClellan&oldid=1158196943, American military personnel of the MexicanAmerican War, Democratic Party (United States) presidential nominees, New York State Superintendents of Public Works, People of New Jersey in the American Civil War, Candidates in the 1864 United States presidential election, Commanding Generals of the United States Army, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from November 2021, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Malaria would recur in later years; he called it his "Mexican disease. In this, McClellan was perhaps influenced by his questioning of Confederate deserter Edward B. McMurdy, whose testimony was not accepted by Lincoln, Secretary of State Seward, or General-in-Chief Scott, but reaffirmed for McClellan the numbers he had convinced himself of. Senator, and civilian governor in Reconstruction-era Mississippi. It was fought for four years, three weeks and six days until Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865. [32] He reveled in his newly acquired power and influence:[30]. The Canadian Encyclopedia The American Civil War (1861-65) was fought between the northern (Union) states and the southern (Confederate) states, which withdrew from the United States in 1860-61. [3], Daggett believed in the abolition of slavery and fought alongside African-American soldiers during the Civil War while serving with the 5th Maine Infantry Regiment. [5], Daggett enlisted as a private in the 5th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment in April 1861, and became a second lieutenant in May 1861. [65] McClellan's reception in Frederick, Maryland, as he marched towards Lee's army, was described by the correspondent for Harper's Magazine: The General rode through the town on a trot, and the street was filled six or eight deep with his staff and guard riding on behind him. [108] Proponents of this school claim that McClellan is criticized more for his admittedly abrasive personality than for his actual field performance. George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 - October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, Civil War Union general, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th governor of New Jersey. Upon realizing the intelligence value of this discovery, McClellan threw up his arms and exclaimed, "Now I know what to do!" The war left cities in ruins, shattered families and took the lives of an estimated 750,000 Americans. On his way there, he stopped at Columbus to discuss the military situation in the Ohio valley with Ohio governor William Dennison. Ames was portrayed by actor Matt Letscher in the 2003 film Gods and Generals. Two more crises would confront McClellan before he could implement his plans. McClellan's feeling of facing overwhelming odds in subsequent campaigns throughout his tenure as General of the Army of the Potomac were strongly influenced by the overblown enemy strength estimates of his secret service chief, detective Allan Pinkerton, but in August 1861, these estimates were entirely McClellan's own. In his inaugural address, he said the most urgent matter before the state was relief from the Panic of 1873. Historian and biographer Stephen W. Sears observed that McClellan's actions would have been "essentially sound" for a commander who was as outnumbered as McClellan thought he was, but McClellan in fact rarely had less than a two-to-one advantage over the armies that opposed him in 1861 and 1862. [18] In the following months, he failed to mobilize a state militia to cope with renewed troubles. Yardley, Pennsylvania: Westholme Publishing, 2015. The men cheered him until they were hoarse and some broke ranks to swarm around the martial figure and indulge in the 'most extravagant demonstrations'. [90], In addition to tax reduction, McClellan's economic agenda included the institution of a Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries and the creation of an agricultural experiment station to modernize growing and farming practices. He led the successful assault in the Second Battle of Fort Fisher (commanding the 2nd Division, XXIV Corps), accompanying his men into the formidable coastal fortress as most of his staff were shot down by Confederate snipers. [3] He was the younger of two sons of Martha Bradbury Ames and Jesse Ames, a sea captain[4] who later purchased what became the Ames Mill (renowned as the producers of Malt-O-Meal) in Northfield, Minnesota. This signaled the beginning of the end of the protracted Civil War. Traveling widely, and interacting with the highest military commands and royal families, McClellan observed the siege of Sevastopol. Johnston was wounded in the battle, and General Robert E. Lee assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia. If he can't fight himself, he excels in making others ready to fight."[65]. Read more about George Pickett Bloody Bill Anderson William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson was a brutal killer, leading pro-confederate units on attacks against Union forces throughout the war. McClellan was commissioned a major general of volunteers and took command of the Ohio militia on April 23, 1861. Confederate general Garnett was killed in a rearguard action on Cheat River at Corrick's ford by Morris' force, and thus confederate presence had been completely ejected from West Virginia, although confederate troops were still present in Kanawha under the command of Henry A. It was a remarkable achievement, in which he came to personify the Army of the Potomac and reaped the adulation of his men. Ames corresponded extensively with the historian James Wilford Garner during this period; Garner's dissertation viewed Reconstruction as "unwise" but absolved Ames of personal corruption. [7] Two classes had graduated that year due to the beginning of the Civil War in April. [1], In his military career after the Civil War, Aaron Daggett went on to fight in the Indian Wars, in which he received a purple heart,[5] the SpanishAmerican War in China, and the Philippines and received another Purple Heart and the Gold Star. "[79], Secretary Stanton ordered McClellan to report to Trenton, New Jersey, for further orders, although none was issued. To that end, he advocated for cautious spending to allow for a state tax cut of fifty percent; by the end of McClellan's term, the state tax on residents was abolished entirely. [113], 1864 Democratic National Convention:[114], New Jersey gubernatorial election, 1877:[115]. After a month of preparation, just before he was to assault the Confederate works at Yorktown, McClellan learned that Johnston had withdrawn up the Peninsula towards Williamsburg. Battle of Gettysburg, (July 1-3, 1863), major engagement in the American Civil War, fought 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, that was a crushing Southern defeat. [3] In 1893, Ames received the Medal of Honor for his performance there. The document was verified at McClellan's headquarters in Frederick on September 13. Her response was to write a book about her father, Adelbert Ames, in 1964. The platform called for an immediate cessation of hostilities and a negotiated settlement with the Confederacy. [1], Daggett was mustered out of the volunteers on July 24, 1864. His father was first in the family to enter service, but died of wounds suffered during the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862. [1][5], Aaron S. Daggett died at the age of 100 at his home in West Roxbury, Massachusetts on May 14, 1938, making him the last surviving brevet or full, substantive rank Union general of the Civil War. [29] After the defeat of confederate forces at Rich Mountain and Laurel Mountain, unionist troops sharply pursued them eastwards across the Tygart Valley all the way to Cheat River & Cheat Mountain. The Fifth Corps under Porter from the Army of the Potomac would serve with Pope during the campaign. [8] He graduated at age 19 in 1846, second in his class of 59 cadets, losing the top position to Charles Seaforth Stewart only because of inferior drawing skills. McClellan blamed the story on "a set of scoundrels, who seek to keep up agitation on the frontier in order to get employment from the Govt. Rather than face an impeachment trial that would entail great expense, Ames's lawyers made a deal: once the legislature had dropped all charges, he would resign his office, which occurred on March 29, 1876. Artillery. Ginsburg ultimately decided on the Castle's demolition to make way for smaller single-family dwellings.[28]. After a weeklong flight westward from Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee briefly engaged Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant before surrendering to the Union at Appomattox Court House. McClellan was thus required to give chase without any benefit of the heavy artillery so carefully amassed in front of Yorktown. [4], In the US Senate, Ames was chairman of the Senate Committee on Enrolled Bills. [105] Second, that as the radical Republicans were the true winners coming out of the Civil War, they were able to write its history, placing their principal political rival of the time, McClellan, in the worst possible light. He sought the position of Secretary of War in Cleveland's cabinet, but Senator John R. McPherson, who had opposed McClellan for governor in 1877, succeeded in blocking his nomination. He quickly realized that he had overstepped his bounds and apologized by letter to President Lincoln. Lincoln's share of the vote in the Army of the Potomac was 70%. His military effectiveness, though, was hindered by a long-standing feud with Jefferson Davis. He arrived near the mouth of the Rio Grande in October 1846, well prepared for action with a double-barreled shotgun, two pistols, a saber, a dress sword, and a Bowie knife. he triggered his first serious political controversy by proclaiming to the citizens there that his forces had no intentions of interfering with personal propertyincluding slaves. Daggett Terrace (Veterans Village Subdivision) in New Port Richey Florida is named after Aaron Daggett. Nevertheless, McClellan received criticism from Washington for not counterattacking, which some believed could have opened the city of Richmond to capture. Ames died in 1933 at 97, at his winter home in Ormond Beach, Florida. The effectiveness of his campaign was damaged when he repudiated his party's platform, which promised an end to the war and negotiations with the Confederacy. McClellan never received another field command and went on to become the unsuccessful Democratic Party nominee in the 1864 presidential election against the Republican Lincoln. The American Civil War (1861-1865) . [24], As McClellan scrambled to process the thousands of men who were volunteering for service and to set up training camps, he also applied his mind to grand strategy. Such a villain as he is ought to bring defeat upon any cause that employs him. [59] In both battles, effective command of the army fell to his friend and V Corps commander Brigadier General Fitz John Porter. Despite his successes and lucrative salary ($10,000 per year), he was frustrated with civilian employment and continued to study classical military strategy assiduously. His final words, at 3 a.m., October 29, 1885, were, "I feel easy now. McClellan organized a defensive network of the region spanning Cheat Mountain, Allegheny Mountain all the way to Gauley Bridge in Kanawha. The General had his head uncovered, and received gracefully the salutations of the people. The Battle of Williamsburg on May 5 is considered a Union victoryMcClellan's firstbut the Confederate army was not destroyed and most of their troops were successfully moved past Williamsburg to Richmond's outer defenses while the battle was waged and for several days thereafter. [11], Returning to duty the following spring, Ames was part of the defenses of Washington, D.C.[12] He then fought in the Peninsula Campaign and saw action at the Battle of Yorktown from April 5 to May 4, the Battle of Gaines' Mill on June 27, and the Battle of Malvern Hill that July. Confederate general George A. Porterfield was in charge of defending W. Virginia, most of rebel forces were based at Grafton. Beauregard. I feel some little pride in having, with a beaten & demoralized army, defeated Lee so utterly. Well, one of these days history will I trust do me justice. [44], On January 10, 1862, Lincoln met with top generals (McClellan did not attend) and directed them to formulate a plan of attack, expressing his exasperation with General McClellan with the following remark: "If General McClellan does not want to use the army, I would like to borrow it for a time. [96] However, the debate over McClellan's ability and talents remains the subject of much controversy among Civil War and military historians. The Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when the Confederates bombed and took over Fort Sumter in South Carolina. As governor, Ames fought to cut spending and lower the tax rate with moderate success. The mansion she designed and built is now part of Borderland State Park in Massachusetts. The enemy is driven back into Virginia." [3] His mother was Elizabeth Sophia Steinmetz Brinton McClellan (18001889), daughter of a leading Pennsylvania family, a woman noted for her "considerable grace and refinement." But Lincoln told his secretary, John Hay, "We must use what tools we have. George Armstrong Custer Title Major General War & Affiliation Civil War / Union Date of Birth - Death December 5, 1839- June 25, 1876 George Armstrong Custer is better known for his post-bellum exploits rather than his Civil War career. McClellan's army began to sail from Alexandria on March 17. [13], In 1868, Congress appointed Ames as provisional governor of Mississippi. "[58] In the battle of Glendale, McClellan was five miles (8.0km) away behind Malvern Hill, without telegraph communications and too distant to command his army. Historian Allan Nevins wrote, "Students of history must always be grateful McClellan so frankly exposed his own weaknesses in this posthumous book. During the Chancellorsville Campaign in May 1863, Ames volunteered as an aide-de-camp to Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, commander of the V Corps. He chafed at the boredom of peacetime garrison service, although he greatly enjoyed the social life. George Brinton McClellan was born in Philadelphia on December 3, 1826, the son of a prominent surgeon, Dr. George McClellan, the founder of Jefferson Medical College. The controversy was not that his proclamation was diametrically opposed to the administration's policy at the time, but that he was so bold in stepping beyond his strictly military role.[26]. This put him in opposition with officials of the administration who believed he was attempting to implement the policies of the opposition party. "Lee's Lost Dispatch and Other Civil War Controversies". [10] He was brevetted to the rank of major on July 21 for his actions at Manassas. In, Wipperman, Darin. By August 19, he estimated 150,000 rebel soldiers on his front. [106] Third, that historians eager to jump on the bandwagon of Lincoln as America's greatest political icon worked to outdo one another in shifting blame for early military failures from Lincoln and Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton to McClellan. [112] While this vessel is sometimes said to be named after the General, it was actually named after his son, who was Mayor of New York City, when the vessel was launched. [6] He began attending the university in 1840, when he was 14 years old, resigning himself to the study of law after his family decided that medical educations for both McClellan and his older brother John were too expensive. [60], McClellan was reunited with his army at Harrison's Landing on the James. [85] The United Spanish War Veterans established Camp 19, General Adelbert Ames Post, in Lowell, Massachusetts. Old ladies and men wept for joy, and scores of beautiful ladies waved flags from the balconies of houses upon the street, and their joyousness seemed to overcome every other emotion. "George McClellan" redirects here. McClellan maintained his estrangement from Abraham Lincoln with his repeated call for reinforcements and by writing a lengthy letter in which he proposed strategic and political guidance for the war, continuing his opposition to abolition or seizure of slaves as a tactic. Benson, Harry King. His first personal command in battle was at Rich Mountain, where McClellan was plagued by hesitation and his erroneous idea that he was facing a sizeable confederate force. The state legislature, convening in 1876, drew up articles of impeachment against him; with a five-to-one majority and deeply hostile feelings towards Ames, their investigations "failed to trace a dollar of unearned money to his pockets," one reporter noted. ", Lord, Stuart B. I have never witnessed such a scene. 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In Profiles in Courage, Kennedy relied on Reconstruction-era historical texts to produce a brief but misleading, false, and devastating portrait of Ames's administration of Mississippi in his profile of Mississippi Senator Lucius Q. C. Lamar. In the fall of 1852, McClellan published a manual on bayonet tactics that he had translated from the original French. McClellan assessed local defensive capabilities for the secretary. He proposed that his army should be expanded to 273,000 men and 600 guns and "crush the rebels in one campaign". in one way or other. When the sheriff called on his supporters to restore him to office, a battle ended in the Vicksburg Massacre. It was a scene which no one could forgetan event of a lifetime. McClellan's first military operations were to occupy the area of western Virginia that wanted to remain in the Union and subsequently became the state of West Virginia. During the Union defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg that winter, Ames led his regiment in one of the last charges on December 13 against Marye's Heights. The photographs. Back in Washington, a reorganization of units created the Army of Virginia under Maj. Gen. John Pope, who was directed to advance toward Richmond from the northeast. He had received intelligence reports on May 26 that the critical Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridges in that portion of the state were being burned. That approach failed following the Union Navy's defeat at the Battle of Drewry's Bluff, about 7 miles (11km) downstream from the Confederate capital, on May 15. Americans across the nation bid goodbye to the last Civil War veteran. His administration stressed the necessity of education in the conversion of unskilled labor to skilled labor and in industrial development generally by expanding the state library and calling for trades training for young men in public schools, as suited for the local economy. President Kennedy then turned to his friend Plimpton to tell Blanche, Plimpton's grandmother, that she was "interfering with state business." Of these Days history will I trust do me justice cavalry tactics that was based on cavalry. Agreed to accept Scott 's resignation for reasons of health. [ 4 ] he received! Thorp, Gene ( September 7 Fort Eustis, Virginia near his Peninsula campaign of Mississippi and Arkansas was... The capital that McClellan might resign, or instigate a military coup, if Scott were not removed to the! Mexican disease the Army commander 's prerogatives rank and Organization: First,. Father 's family was of Scottish and English heritage demoralized Army, defeated Lee so utterly service refused... Entitled an article about him `` Gen. McClellan, the concluding chapter of his political career was his support... Enough time to concentrate many of his men at Sharpsburg, Maryland Arkansas, to serve as second-in-command an. 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